1. Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukaraba
Imiterere y'icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu ni mibi, ahanini bitewe nuko icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu kiri ku buso bigoranye gukurwaho. Aluminiyumu ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gushyiramo ogisijeni. Biroroshye gukora icyuma gikozwe muri ogisijeni Al2O3 ku buso, gihamye kandi gifite aho gishongesha cyane. Muri icyo gihe, icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu kirimo manyeziyumu nacyo kizakora icyuma gikozwe muri ogisijeni MgO gihamye cyane. Bizabangamira cyane uburyo solder itose kandi igakwirakwira. Kandi biragoye kubikuraho. Mu gihe cyo gushyiramo, igikorwa cyo gushyiramo ogisijeni gishobora gukorwa gusa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo kuyihindura.
Icya kabiri, imikorere y'icyuma gishongesha aluminium na aluminiyumu iragoye. Aho gushonga kwa aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu ntabwo bitandukanye cyane n'uko icyuma gishongesha aluminium gikoreshwa. Ingano y'ubushyuhe ishoboka yo gushongesha aluminium ni nto cyane. Kugenzura ubushyuhe nabi byoroshye gutuma icyuma gishyuha cyane cyangwa ndetse no gushonga kw'icyuma cy'ibanze bigorana, bigatuma inzira yo gushongesha aluminium igorana. Amwe mu mabuye ya aluminiyumu yongerewe imbaraga no kuvura ubushyuhe nabyo bitera ibintu byoroshye nko gusaza cyane cyangwa gushyushya bitewe no gushyushya aluminium, bizagabanya imiterere y'ingingo zishongesha aluminium. Mu gihe cyo gushongesha umuriro, biragoye kumenya ubushyuhe kuko ibara ry'icyuma gishongesha aluminium rihinduka mu gihe cyo gushyushya, ibyo bikaba byongera ibisabwa ku rwego rw'imikorere y'umukoresha.
Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese ku ngingo za aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu buterwa byoroshye n’ibyuma n’amakuru. Ubushobozi bwa electrode ya aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu butandukanye cyane n’ubwo gusoda, ibyo bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese ku ngingo, cyane cyane ku ngingo yoroshye gusoda. Byongeye kandi, inyinshi mu mvururu zikoreshwa mu gusoda za aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu zifite ingese ikomeye. Nubwo zasukurwa nyuma yo gusoda, ingaruka z’imvururu ku ngingo ntizizakurwaho burundu.
2. Ibikoresho byo gutwika
(1) Gushyiramo aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu ni uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa gake, kuko imiterere n'ubushobozi bwa electrode by'icyuma gishyiramo icyuma n'icyuma gishingiyeho bitandukanye cyane, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gutera ingese ya electrochemical ku ngingo. Gushyiramo icyuma cyoroshye ahanini gikoresha icyuma gishingiye kuri zinc na tin lead solder, gishobora kugabanywamo icyuma gishyuha cyane (150 ~ 260 ℃), icyuma gishyuha hagati (260 ~ 370 ℃) na icyuma gishyuha cyane (370 ~ 430 ℃) hakurikijwe ubushyuhe. Iyo hakoreshejwe icyuma gishyuha cya tin lead solder kandi umuringa cyangwa nikeli bigashyirwa ku buso bwa aluminiyumu kugira ngo bishyiremo icyuma, ingese ku ihuriro ry'ingingo ishobora kwirindwa, kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese ku ngingo.
Gushyiramo aluminiyumu n'aluminiyumu bikoreshwa cyane, nko gukoresha filter guide, evaporator, radiator n'ibindi bice. Ibyuma byuzuza bishingiye kuri aluminiyumu gusa ni byo bishobora gukoreshwa mu gushyiramo aluminiyumu n'aluminiyumu, muri byo harimo ibyuma byuzuza silikoni bya aluminiyumu ari byo bikoreshwa cyane. Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha n'imbaraga zo gukata ingingo z'aluminiyumu bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 8 n'imbonerahamwe ya 9. Ariko, aho gushonga kw'iyi solder kuri hafi y'uko icyuma cy'ibanze gishonga, bityo ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bugomba kugenzurwa neza kandi neza mu gihe cyo gushyiramo kugira ngo hirindwe gushyuha cyane cyangwa gushonga kw'icyuma cy'ibanze.
Imbonerahamwe ya 8 ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma bicukura ibyuma bya aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu
Imbonerahamwe ya 9 ifite imbaraga zo gukata ibyuma bya aluminiyumu n'ibice bya aluminiyumu bikozwe mu byuma bya silikoni
Ubusanzwe icyuma gishongesha silicon cya aluminiyumu gitangwa mu buryo bw'ifu, ifu, insinga cyangwa urupapuro. Hari igihe hakoreshwa ibyuma bishongesha aluminium nk'inkingi y'imbere n'icyuma gishongesha silicon cya aluminiyumu nk'igipfundikizo. Ubwo bwoko bw'icyuma gishongesha icyuma gikozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa hydraulic kandi akenshi gikoreshwa nk'igice cy'ibikoresho bishongesha icyuma. Mu gihe cyo gushongesha icyuma, icyuma gishongesha ...
(2) Gazi ikoreshwa mu gukurura no kurinda icyuma gikingira icyuma cya aluminiyumu n'icyuma gikingira icyuma, icyuma cyihariye gikoreshwa mu gukuraho icyuma. Igikoresho cy’umwimerere gishingiye kuri triethanolamine, nka fs204, gikoreshwa hamwe n’icyuma cyoroshye gishyuha cyane. Akamaro k’iki gikoresho ni uko kitagira ingaruka mbi ku cyuma gisanzwe, ariko kizatanga gazi nyinshi, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku gutose no gufunga kwacyo. Igikoresho cy’ingenzi gishingiye kuri zinc chloride, nka fs203 na fs220a, gikoreshwa hamwe n’icyuma cyoroshye gishyuha cyane n’igishyuha cyo hejuru. Igikoresho cy’ingenzi gishyuha cyane kirangirika cyane, kandi ibisigazwa byacyo bigomba gukurwaho nyuma yo gukurura.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gukurura aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu buracyari bwiganjemo gukuraho filime y’urumuri. Uburyo bwo gukurura bukoreshwa burimo flux ishingiye kuri chloride na fluor. Uburyo bwo gukurura flux ishingiye kuri chloride bufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukuraho filime ya oxide n’amazi meza, ariko bufite ingaruka nziza zo kwangirika ku cyuma cy’ibanze. Ibisigazwa byacyo bigomba gukurwaho burundu nyuma yo gukurura. Uburyo bwo gukurura fluoride ishingiye kuri fluor ni ubwoko bushya bw’uburyo bwo gukurura filime, bufite ingaruka nziza zo gukuraho filime kandi ntibugire ingese ku cyuma cy’ibanze. Ariko, bufite aho bushongesha cyane kandi ntibugire ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi bushobora gukoreshwa gusa hamwe na solder ya silicon ya aluminiyumu.
Mu gihe cyo gushushanya aluminiyumu n'aluminiyumu, umwuka udafite umwuka, udafite aho ubogamiye cyangwa udafite umwuka ukunze gukoreshwa. Mu gihe cyo gushushanya aluminiyumu, urugero rw'umwuka udafite umwuka muri rusange rugomba kugera kuri 10-3pa. Iyo azote cyangwa gaze ya argon ikoreshwa mu kurinda, ubuziranenge bwayo bugomba kuba buri hejuru cyane, kandi ikigero cy'ikime kigomba kuba kiri hasi ya -40 ℃.
3. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya
Gutera icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu bifite ibisabwa byinshi mu gusukura ubuso bw'ibikoresho. Kugira ngo haboneke ubuziranenge bwiza, ibara ry'amavuta n'agapira ka okiside ku buso bigomba gukurwaho mbere yo gutera icyuma. Kuraho ibara ry'amavuta ku buso ukoresheje umuti wa Na2CO3 w'amazi ku bushyuhe bwa 60 ~ 70 ℃ mu gihe cy'iminota 5 ~ 10, hanyuma woge n'amazi meza; Agapira ka okiside ku buso gashobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe umuti wa NaOH w'amazi ku bushyuhe bwa 20 ~ 40 ℃ mu gihe cy'iminota 2 ~ 4, hanyuma wogeshwe n'amazi ashyushye; Nyuma yo gukuraho ibara ry'amavuta n'agapira ka okiside ku buso, agapira kagomba gusukurwa n'umuti wa HNO3 w'amazi kugira ngo uryohe mu gihe cy'iminota 2 ~ 5, hanyuma gasukurwe mu mazi atemba hanyuma kagakurwa burundu. Agapira kakozwe muri ubu buryo ntikagomba gukorwaho cyangwa kwanduzwa n'indi myanda, kandi kagomba guterwa icyuma mu masaha 6 ~ 8. Ni byiza guhita utera icyuma vuba bishoboka.
Uburyo bwo gushyushya bwa aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu bugizwe ahanini no gushyushya umuriro, gushyushya icyuma gishongesha hamwe no gushyushya itanura. Ubu buryo muri rusange bukoresha gushyushya mu gushyushya, kandi bufite ibisabwa bikomeye ku bushyuhe bwo gushyushya n'igihe cyo kubifata. Mu gihe cyo gushyushya umuriro no gushyushya icyuma gishongesha, irinde gushyushya umuriro uturutse ahantu hashyushye kugira ngo wirinde gushyuha cyane no kwangirika. Kubera ko aluminiyumu ishobora gushonga mu gishongesha cyoroshye gifite zinc nyinshi, gushyushya bigomba guhagarikwa iyo ingingo imaze gushingwa kugira ngo hirindwe ingese y'icyuma gishongesha. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, gushyushya aluminium na aluminiyumu rimwe na rimwe ntibikoresha gushyushya, ahubwo bikoresha uburyo bwa ultrasonic cyangwa gushyushya kugira ngo bikureho firime. Mu gihe ukoresha gushyushya kugira ngo ukureho firime yo gushyushya, banza ushyushye icyuma gishongesha kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa firime, hanyuma uhanagure igice gishongesha cy'igikoresho ukoresheje impera y'inkoni ya solder (cyangwa igikoresho cyo gushyushya). Mu gihe ucagagura firime ya okiside yo hejuru, impera y'icyuma gishongesha izashonga kandi itose icyuma gishongesha.
Uburyo bwo gutwika ibyuma bya aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu burimo cyane cyane gutwika umuriro, gutwika itanura, gutwika dip, gutwika vacuum na gutwika gaze. Gutwika umuriro bikoreshwa cyane cyane ku bikoresho bito no gukora igice kimwe. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yangirika bitewe n'uko imyanda iri muri acetylene n'amazi yangirika iyo ukoresheje umuriro wa oxyacetylene, birakwiye gukoresha umuriro w'umwuka ufunze ugabanya gato kugira ngo wirinde ko icyuma cy'ibanze cyangirika. Mu gihe cyo gutwika, gutwika ibyuma bishobora gushyirwa ahantu hashyizwe ibyuma mbere y'uko bishyuha kandi bigashyushya icyarimwe n'igikoresho; igikoresho gishobora kandi gushyushya kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa brazing mbere, hanyuma solder irimo flux ikoherezwa aho ishyirwa; Nyuma y'uko flux n'icyuma byashongeshejwe, umuriro ushyushya ugomba gukurwaho buhoro buhoro nyuma y'uko icyuma cya fluorescent cyuzuye neza.
Mu gihe cyo gushyira aluminiyumu n'icyuma gishyushya mu itanura ry'umwuka, icyuma gishyushya kigomba gushyirwaho, hanyuma icyuma gishyushya kigomba gushongeshwa mu mazi yaciwe kugira ngo hategurwe umuti ukomeye ufite ingano ya 50% ~ 75%, hanyuma kigasigwa cyangwa kigashyirwa ku buso bw'icyuma gishyushya. Ingano ikwiye y'ifu ishobora kandi gupfukwa ku cyuma gishyushya n'ubuso bw'icyuma gishyushya, hanyuma ubushyuhe bwakusanyijwe bugashyirwa mu itanura kugira ngo bushyuhe. Kugira ngo icyuma cy'ibanze kidashyuha cyane cyangwa ngo gishonge, ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bugomba kugenzurwa neza.
Ubusanzwe, ifumbire cyangwa ifumbire ikoreshwa mu gushushanya aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu. Ifumbire iteranijwe igomba gushyuha mbere yo gushushanya kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwayo bube hafi y'ubushyuhe bwo gushushanya, hanyuma ikajugunywa mu gushushanya kugira ngo icungwe. Mu gihe cyo gushushanya, ubushyuhe bwo gushushanya n'igihe cyo gushushanya bigomba kugenzurwa cyane. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, icyuma cy'ibanze biroroshye gushonga kandi ifumbire yoroshye kuyitakaza; Iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, ifumbire ntishongeshwa bihagije, kandi igipimo cyo gushushanya kigabanuka. Ubushyuhe bwo gushushanya bugomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ubwoko n'ingano y'icyuma cy'ibanze, imiterere n'aho ishongeshwa by'icyuma cyuzuza, kandi muri rusange buri hagati y'ubushyuhe bwa liquidus bw'icyuma cyuzuza n'ubushyuhe bwa solidus bw'icyuma cy'ibanze. Igihe cyo gushushanya mu gikoresho cyo gushushanya kigomba kwemeza ko ifumbire ishobora gushonga neza kandi igatemba, kandi igihe cyo kuyishyigikira ntikigomba kuba kirekire cyane. Bitabaye ibyo, igice cya silikoni kiri muri ifumbire gishobora gukwirakwira mu cyuma cy'ibanze, bigatuma icyuma cy'ibanze hafi y'umushono kigwa nabi.
Mu gukaraba icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu, ibikoresho bikora icyuma bikunze gukoreshwa mu guhindura icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu no kwemeza ko solder itose kandi igakwirakwira. Magnesium ishobora gukoreshwa ku gice cy’akazi mu buryo bw’uduce, cyangwa ikajya mu gice cy’icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu mu buryo bw’umwuka, cyangwa magnesium ishobora kongerwa kuri aluminiyumu silicon solder nk'ikintu cy’icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu. Ku gice cy’akazi gifite imiterere igoye, kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka zuzuye z’umwuka wa magnesium ku cyuma gisanzwe no kunoza ubwiza bw’icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu, ingamba zo kurinda zikunze gufatwa, ni ukuvuga ko igice cy’akazi kibanza gushyirwa mu gasanduku k’icyuma kitagira umugese (kizwi cyane nka agasanduku k’uburyo bwo gutunganya), hanyuma kigashyirwa mu itanura rikozwe muri vacuum kugira ngo hashyushye icyuma gikozwe muri vacuum. Vacuum Brazed Aluminium na aluminiyumu alloy alloy bifite ubuso bworoshye n’ingingo zikomeye zikozwe muri vacuum, kandi ntibikenewe ko bisukurwa nyuma yo gukaraba; Ariko, ibikoresho byo gukaraba icyuma birahenze, kandi umwuka wa magnesium wanduza itanura cyane, bityo rigomba gusukurwa no kubungabungwa kenshi.
Mu gihe cyo gushyira aluminiyumu n'aluminiyumu mu kirere kitagira aho gihuriye cyangwa kidakora, icyuma gitera manyeziyumu cyangwa flux birashobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho firime. Iyo icyuma gitera manyeziyumu gikoreshwa mu gukuraho firime, ingano ya manyeziyumu ikenewe iba iri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'iy'icyuma gitera manyeziyumu. Muri rusange, w (mg) ni hafi 0.2% ~ 0.5%. Iyo ingano ya manyeziyumu iri hejuru, ubwiza bw'ingingo buragabanuka. Uburyo bwa NOCOLOK bwo gushyira firime hakoreshejwe fluoride flux no kurinda azote ni uburyo bushya bwatejwe imbere vuba mu myaka ya vuba aha. Kubera ko ibisigazwa bya fluoride flux bidafata ubushuhe kandi ntibishobora kwangiza aluminiyumu, inzira yo gukuraho ibisigazwa bya flux nyuma yo gushyira firime ishobora gukurwaho. Mu gihe cyo kurindwa na azote, fluoride flux nke gusa igomba gutwikirwa, icyuma cyongera icyuma gishobora kunyobwa neza mu cyuma cy'ibanze, kandi biroroshye kubona ingingo nziza zometseho feri. Kuri ubu, ubu buryo bwa NOCOLOK bwo gushyira firime bwakoreshejwe mu gukora radiateri ya aluminiyumu n'ibindi bice.
Ku bijyanye na aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu byashyizwemo flux itari fluoride, ibisigazwa by'amazi bigomba gukurwaho burundu nyuma yo gushishwa. Ibisigazwa by'amazi ya flux ya organic brazing kuri aluminiyumu bishobora kozwa n'ibisubizo bya organic nka methanol na trichloroethylene, bigashyirwamo umuti wa sodium hydroxide, hanyuma bigasukurwa n'amazi ashyushye n'akonje. Chloride ni ibisigazwa by'amazi ya flux ya brazing kuri aluminiyumu, bishobora gukurwaho hakurikijwe uburyo bukurikira: Ubwa mbere, shyira mu mazi ashyushye kuri 60 ~ 80 ℃ mu gihe cy'iminota 10, usukure witonze ibisigazwa biri ku gice cyashizweho brass ukoresheje uburoso, hanyuma ubisukure n'amazi akonje; Hanyuma ubishyire mu muti wa aside nitrique 15% mu gihe cy'iminota 30, hanyuma ubisukemo amazi akonje.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Kamena-13-2022