Gutera Superalloys

Gutera Superalloys

(1) Imiterere y'ubushyuhe Superalloys zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: ishingiro rya nikeli, ishingiro ry'icyuma n'ishingiro rya kobalti. Zifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike, zirwanya ogisijeni kandi zirwanya ingese mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Ifu ya nikeli nikeli niyo ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibintu mu buryo bufatika.

Superalloy irimo Cr2O3 nyinshi, kandi firime ya okiside ya Cr2O3 igoye kuyikuraho igaragara hejuru mu gihe cyo gushyushya. Superalloy za nickel base zirimo Al na Ti, byoroshye kuyisiga iyo ishyushye. Kubwibyo, gukumira cyangwa kugabanya okiside ya superalloys mu gihe cyo gushyushya no gukuraho firime ya okiside ni cyo kibazo cyibanze mu gihe cyo gushyushya. Kubera ko aside borax cyangwa boric mu gushyushya bishobora gutera ingese ku bushyuhe bwa firime, boron yihuta nyuma y’uko itangiye gukora ishobora kwinjira mu cyuma cy’ibanze, bigatuma yinjira hagati y’uduce duto. Ku byuma bya nickel base bifite Al na Ti nyinshi, uburebure bw’ingufu mu gihe cyo gushyushya ntibugomba kuba munsi ya 10-2 ~ 10-3pa mu gihe cyo gushyushya kugira ngo hirindwe okiside ku buso bwa aloyi mu gihe cyo gushyushya.

Ku bijyanye n'ingufu zikozwe mu mashini zikoreshwa mu gutwika no mu gutwika nikeli, ubushyuhe bw'ingufu bugomba kuba bujyanye n'ubushyuhe bw'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutwika kugira ngo habeho gushonga neza kw'ibintu bya aloyi. Ubushyuhe bw'ingufu ni buke cyane, kandi ibintu bya aloyi ntibishobora gushonga burundu; Iyo ubushyuhe bw'ingufu burenze urugero, ingano y'icyuma cy'ibanze izakura, kandi imiterere y'ibikoresho ntabwo izasubirana ndetse na nyuma yo gushya. Ubushyuhe bukomeye bw'ingufu zikozwe mu mashini zikoreshwa mu gutwika ni bwinshi, muri rusange ntibizagira ingaruka ku miterere y'ibikoresho bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ingufu.

Amwe mu mabuye y’agaciro ya nickel base, cyane cyane aloyi zongerewe imbaraga z’imvura, agira ubushake bwo gucikagurika. Mbere yo gukaraba, stress ikorwa muri icyo gikorwa igomba gukurwaho burundu, kandi stress y’ubushyuhe ikagabanuka mu gihe cyo gukaraba.

(2) Ifumbire y'icyuma gikozwe muri nikeli ishobora gushyirwaho ifumbire y'ifeza, umuringa woroshye, ifumbire y'icyuma gikozwe muri nikeli na solder ikora. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'aho ihurira butari hejuru, ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sikeli birashobora gukoreshwa. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw'ifumbire y'icyuma gikozwe muri sikeli. Kugira ngo ugabanye umuvuduko w'imbere mu gihe cyo gushyushya, ni byiza guhitamo solder ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo gushonga. Fb101 flux irashobora gukoreshwa mu gushyushya ifumbire y'icyuma gikozwe muri sikeli. Fb102 flux ikoreshwa mu gushyushya ifumbire y'icyuma gikozwe muri nikeli ifite aluminiyumu nyinshi, kandi hongerwaho 10% ~ 20% ya sodium silicate cyangwa aluminiyumu (nka fb201). Iyo ubushyuhe bw'icyuma burenze 900 ℃, hagomba gutoranywa fb105 flux.

Mu gihe cyo gushyiramo icyuma gishyushye mu kirere gisukuye cyangwa kirinda, umuringa usanzwe ushobora gukoreshwa nk'icyuma gishyushya icyuma gishyushya. Ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gishyushya ni 1100 ~ 1150 ℃, kandi ingingo ntizacikamo uduce duto, ariko ubushyuhe bwo gukora ntibugomba kurenza 400 ℃.

Icyuma gikoreshwa cyane mu gucukura ibikoresho bya nikeli ni cyo cyuma gikoreshwa cyane mu gucukura ibikoresho bya Superalloys kubera ko gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi nta gucika kw'imitsi mu gihe cyo gucukura ibikoresho. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize nikeli nikeli ni Cr, Si, B, kandi ingano nto ya solder irimo Fe, W, nibindi. Ugereranyije na ni-cr-si-b, b-ni68crwb brazing filler metal ishobora kugabanya kwinjira kwa B mu cyuma gisanzwe no kongera igihe cyo gushonga. Ni icyuma gikoreshwa mu gucukura ibikoresho bya turbine n'ibyuma bishyushye cyane. Ariko, imiterere y'amazi ya solder irimo W irushaho kuba mibi kandi icyuho cy'ingingo kiragoye kugenzura.

Icyuma gikoresha icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi kidakoresha amashanyarazi kidafite Si element kandi gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya oxidation no kurwanya vulcanization. Ubushyuhe bwo gukoresha icyuma bushobora gutoranywa kuva kuri 1150 ℃ kugeza 1218 ℃ hakurikijwe ubwoko bwa solder. Nyuma yo gukoresha icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi, igice gitanga amashanyarazi gifite imiterere imwe n'icyuma cy'ibanze gishobora kuboneka nyuma yo gukoresha icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi cya 1066 ℃.

(3) Ifumbire y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gukaraba nikeli ishobora gukoresha gukaraba mu itanura ririnda ikirere, gukaraba mu cyuma gishyushya no guhuza amazi mu buryo bw'igihe gito. Mbere yo gukaraba, ubuso bugomba gukurwaho amavuta hanyuma okiside ikakurwaho hakoreshejwe gukaraba mu mpapuro, gukaraba amapine y'urukiramende, gukaraba asetone no gusukura imiti. Mu guhitamo ibipimo byo gukaraba, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya butagomba kuba bwinshi cyane kandi igihe cyo gukaraba kigomba kuba gito kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka zikomeye za shimi hagati y'amazi n'icyuma gishyushya. Kugira ngo icyuma gishyushya kidacika, ibice bikonje byatunganyijwe bigomba kugabanyirizwa stress mbere yo gukaraba, kandi gukaraba bigomba kuba bimwe uko bishoboka kose. Ku byuma bishyushya cyane, ibice bigomba kubanza kuvurwa neza, hanyuma bigakaraba ku bushyuhe buri hejuru gato y'uburyo bwo gukaraba, hanyuma bigakemurwa neza.

1) Gushyiramo icyuma mu itanura ririnda ikirere Gushyiramo icyuma mu itanura ririnda ikirere bisaba umwuka mwiza cyane wo kurinda. Ku bintu binini bifite w (AL) na w (TI) biri munsi ya 0.5%, ikigero cy'ikime kigomba kuba kiri munsi ya -54 ℃ iyo hakoreshejwe hydrogen cyangwa argon. Iyo ingano ya Al na Ti yiyongere, ubuso bwa alloy buracyahinduka oxidize iyo bushyushye. Ingamba zikurikira zigomba gufatwa: Ongeraho ingano nto y'icyuma (nka fb105) hanyuma ukuremo filime ya oxide hamwe n'icyuma; 0.025 ~ 0.038mm y'ubugari irashyirwa ku buso bw'ibice; Sukamo icyuma gishongesha ku buso bw'ibikoresho bigomba gushongeshwa mbere; Ongeraho ingano nto y'icyuma gishongesha, nka boron trifluoride.

2) Gukoresha icyuma gikingira umwuka (vacuum brazing) Gukoresha icyuma gikingira umwuka (vacuum brazing) bikoreshwa cyane kugira ngo bibone uburinzi bwiza n'ubwiza bw'icyuma gikingira umwuka. Reba imbonerahamwe ya 15 ku miterere y'imibanire isanzwe ya nickel base superalloy. Ku bikoresho bikingira umwuka bifite w (AL) na w (TI) biri munsi ya 4%, ni byiza gushyira urwego rwa nickel rwa 0.01 ~ 0.015mm ku buso, nubwo gutosesha bishobora kwemezwa nta buryo bwihariye bwo kubitunganya. Iyo w (AL) na w (TI) birengeje 4%, ubunini bw'icyuma gikingira nickel bugomba kuba 0.020.03mm. Gukoresha icyuma gito cyane nta ngaruka bigira ku burinzi, kandi gupima cyane bigabanya imbaraga z'igice. Ibice bigomba gusudira bishobora no gushyirwa mu gasanduku kugira ngo icyuma gikingira umwuka (vacuum brazing). Agasanduku kagomba kuzuzwamo getter. Urugero, Zr ifata umwuka ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ishobora gukora icyuma gikingira umwuka mu gasanduku, bityo ikarinda ogisijeni y'ubuso bw'icyuma gikingira umwuka.

Imbonerahamwe ya 15 imiterere ya mekanike y'ibice bya Vacuum Brazed Joints bya superalloys zisanzwe za nickel base

Imiterere n'imbaraga by'urusobe rw'insinga rwa Superalloy bihinduka hamwe n'icyuho cyo gufunga, ndetse n'uburyo bwo gufunga nyuma yo gufunga bizongera agaciro ntarengwa kemewe k'icyuho cy'insinga. Dufashe urugero rwa Inconel alloy, icyuho ntarengwa cy'urusobe rw'insinga rwa Inconel rukozwe na b-ni82crsib gishobora kugera kuri 90um nyuma yo gufunga kuri 1000 ℃ kuri 1H; Ariko, ku ngingo zikozwe na b-ni71crsib, icyuho ntarengwa ni hafi 50um nyuma yo gufunga kuri 1000 ℃ kuri 1H.

3) Guhuza igice cy'amazi mu buryo bwihuse Guhuza igice cy'amazi mu buryo bwihuse bikoresha icyuma gihuza ibice (hafi 2.5 ~ 100um) aho igipimo cyo gushonga kiri munsi y'icyuma cy'ibanze nk'icyuma cyuzuza. Mu gihe cy'umuvuduko muto (0 ~ 0.007mpa) n'ubushyuhe bukwiye (1100 ~ 1250 ℃), ibikoresho bihuza ibice bibanza gushonga no kugora icyuma cy'ibanze. Bitewe no gukwirakwira kw'ibintu vuba, gukomera kw'ubushyuhe bibaho ku gice kugira ngo habeho igice. Ubu buryo bugabanya cyane ibisabwa ku buso bw'icyuma cy'ibanze kandi bugabanya umuvuduko wo gusudira. Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo guhuza igice cy'amazi mu buryo bwihuse ni umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, igihe cyo gufata n'imiterere y'igice. Shyira umuvuduko muto kugira ngo ubuso bwo guhuza bw'icyuma bugumane neza. Ubushyuhe n'igihe byo gushyushya bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'igice. Niba ingingo ikenewe gukomera nk'icyuma cy'ibanze kandi ntigire ingaruka ku mikorere y'icyuma cy'ibanze, hagomba gukoreshwa ibipimo by'uburyo bwo guhuza ubushyuhe bwinshi (nka ≥ 1150 ℃) n'igihe kirekire (nk'amasaha 8 ~ 24); Niba ubwiza bw'ingingo bugabanutse cyangwa icyuma cy'ibanze kidashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, hagomba gukoreshwa ubushyuhe buke (1100 ~ 1150 ℃) n'igihe gito (1 ~ 8h). Icyiciro cyo hagati kigomba gufata imiterere y'icyuma cy'ibanze gihujwe nk'igice cy'ibanze, hanyuma cyongereho ibintu bitandukanye byo gukonjesha, nka B, Si, Mn, Nb, nibindi. Urugero, imiterere ya Udimet alloy ni ni-15cr-18.5co-4.3al-3.3ti-5mo, kandi imiterere y'urwego rwo hagati rwo guhuza igice cy'amazi cy'igihe gito ni b-ni62.5cr15co15mo5b2.5. Ibi bintu byose bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gushonga bwa aloyi za Ni Cr cyangwa Ni Cr Co kugeza ku rugero rwo hasi, ariko ingaruka za B nizo zigaragara cyane. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cyo gukwirakwira cya B gishobora guhuza vuba aloyi n'icyuma gishingiye ku rukuta.