Gushyiramo ibikoresho by'icyuma na karubide ikoze muri sima

1. Ibikoresho byo gutwika

(1) Ibyuma byo gufunga ibyuma na karubide zikozwe muri sima akenshi bikoresha umuringa w’umwimerere, zinc y’umuringa n’ifeza. Umuringa w’umwimerere ukunda kunyagirwa n’ubwoko bwose bwa karubide zikozwe muri sima, ariko ingaruka nziza ishobora kuboneka mu gufunga ibyuma mu kirere kigabanya hydrogen. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gufunga ibyuma, umuvuduko mu ngingo ni munini, bigatuma habaho kwiyongera kw’icyuho. Ingufu zo gufunga ibyuma zikozwe muri sima y’umwimerere ni hafi 150MPa, kandi imiterere y’ingingo nayo ni myinshi, ariko ntikwiriye gukoreshwa mu kazi gashyuha cyane.

Ibyuma byuzuza zinc by'umuringa ni byo byuma bikoreshwa cyane mu byuma by'ibyuma bifasha mu gusya no gusya karubide. Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo gusya no gukomera kw'ingingo, Mn, Ni, Fe n'ibindi bintu by'aloyi bikunze kongerwa kuri solder. Urugero, w (MN) 4% yongerwa kuri b-cu58znmn kugira ngo imbaraga zo gusya za karubide zifasha mu gusya zigere kuri 300 ~ 320MPa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba; Iracyashobora kugumana 220 ~ 240mpa kuri 320 ℃. Kongeramo CO nke hashingiwe kuri b-cu58znmn bishobora gutuma imbaraga zo gusya za karubide zigera kuri 350Mpa, kandi bifite imbaraga zikomeye zo gukomera no kunanirwa, binongera cyane ubuzima bw'ibikoresho byo gusya n'ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye.

Ingano nto y’icyuma gishongesha umuringa w’ifeza hamwe n’ubushyuhe buke bw’igice gishongesha umuringa ni ingirakamaro mu kugabanya imiterere yo gucika kwa karubide ikozwe muri sima mu gihe cyo gushongesha. Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo gushongesha icyuma no kongera imbaraga n’ubushyuhe bw’igice, Mn, Ni n’ibindi bintu bya alloy bikunze kongerwa kuri solder. Urugero, solder ya b-ag50cuzncdni ifite ubushobozi bwo gushongesha icyuma neza kuri karubide ikozwe muri sima, kandi igice gishongesha icyuma gifite imiterere myiza.

Uretse ubwoko butatu bwavuzwe haruguru bw'ibyuma bicukura ibyuma, ibyuma bicukura ibyuma bicukura ibyuma bishingiye kuri Mn na Ni, nka b-mn50nicucrco na b-ni75crsib, bishobora gutoranywa kuri karubide ikozwe muri sima ikora hejuru ya 500 ℃ kandi isaba imbaraga nyinshi zo gufatanya. Ku byuma bicukura ibyuma byihuta cyane, hagomba gutoranywa icyuma cyihariye gicukura ibyuma gifite ubushyuhe bujyanye n'ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya. Iki cyuma gicukura kijemo ibice bibiri: kimwe ni icyuma gicukura ibyuma byo mu bwoko bwa ferromanganese, kigizwe ahanini na ferromanganese na borax. Imbaraga zo gukata ibyuma byo mu bwoko bwa braze muri rusange zingana na 100MPa, ariko igice gikunze gucikamo ibice; Ubundi bwoko bwa aloyi y'umuringa yihariye irimo Ni, Fe, Mn na Si ntabwo byoroshye gutera imiturire mu ngingo zicukura, kandi imbaraga zacyo zo gukata zishobora kongerwaho 300mpa.

(2) Guhitamo uburyo bwo gukurura icyuma gishyushya n'icyuma gikingira umwuka bigomba guhuzwa n'icyuma cyo hasi n'icyuma gishyushya bigomba gusudira. Mu byuma bishyushya icyuma na karubide ikozwe muri sima, uburyo bwo gukurura icyuma bukoreshwa ahanini ni borax na aside boric, kandi hongerwamo fluoride zimwe na zimwe (KF, NaF, CaF2, nibindi). Fluoride za Fb301, fb302 na fb105 zikoreshwa mu gukurura zinc y'umuringa, naho fb101 ~ fb104 zikoreshwa mu gukurura umuringa w'ifeza. Flux ya Borax ikoreshwa cyane cyane iyo icyuma cyihariye gishyushya icyuma gishyushya icyuma cyihuta.

Kugira ngo hirindwe ogisijeni y'icyuma mu gihe cyo gushyushya icyuma no kwirinda gusukurwa nyuma yo gushyushya icyuma, icyuma gikingira gazi gishobora gukoreshwa. Gazi irinda ishobora kuba gazi idafite ubushyuhe cyangwa gazi igabanya ubushyuhe, kandi ikigero cy'ikime cya gazi kigomba kuba kiri munsi ya -40 ℃ Carbide ikoze muri sima ishobora gushyushywa irinzwe na hydrogen, kandi ikigero cy'ikime cya hydrogen gikenewe kigomba kuba kiri munsi ya -59 ℃.

2. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya

Icyuma cy'ibikoresho kigomba gusukurwa mbere yo gusya, kandi ubuso bwakozwe mu mashini ntibugomba kuba bworoshye cyane kugira ngo byorohereze gusya no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho no gusya. Ubuso bwa karubide ikoze muri sima bugomba gusigwa umucanga mbere yo gusya, cyangwa bugasukurwa na karubide ya silikoni cyangwa icyuma gisya diyama kugira ngo bikuremo karuboni nyinshi ku buso, kugira ngo butose hakoreshejwe icyuma gisya icyuma mu gihe cyo gusya. Karubide ikoze muri sima irimo karubide ya titaniyumu biragoye gusya. Okiside y'umuringa cyangwa nikeli ya okiside ishyirwa ku buso bwayo mu buryo bushya kandi igatekwa mu kirere giciriritse kugira ngo umuringa cyangwa nikeli bihindukire ku buso, kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo gusya bukonje.

Gushyira icyuma gishyushya ibikoresho bya karuboni byaba byiza bikozwe mbere cyangwa icyarimwe n'uburyo bwo kuzimya. Niba gutwika bikorwa mbere yo kuzimya, ubushyuhe bwa solidus bw'icyuma gishyushya cyakoreshejwe bugomba kuba buri hejuru y'ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya, kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze kugira imbaraga zihagije iyo bwongeye gushyushya kugeza ku bushyuhe bwo kuzimya nta gucika intege. Iyo gutwika no kuzimya bihujwe, hagomba gutoranywa icyuma gishyushya gifite ubushyuhe bwa solidus hafi y'ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya.

Ibyuma by'icyuma bikozwe mu byuma bifite ibice byinshi bitandukanye. Ibyuma bikwiye byo gushyiramo icyuma gishyushya, uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bigomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'icyuma cyihariye, kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza y'ingingo.

Ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya icyuma cyihuta muri rusange buri hejuru y’ubushyuhe bwo gushonga bwa silver copper na zinc solder, bityo ni ngombwa kuzimya mbere yo kuzimya no kuzimya mu gihe cyo kuzimya cyangwa nyuma yo kuzimya. Niba bikenewe kuzimya nyuma yo kuzimya, icyuma cyihariye cyo kuzimya icyuma cyavuzwe haruguru ni cyo cyonyine gishobora gukoreshwa mu kuzimya. Mu gihe cyo kuzimya icyuma cyihuta, birakwiye gukoresha itanura rya coke. Iyo icyuma cyo kuzimya icyuma gishongeshejwe, kuramo igikoresho cyo kuzimya hanyuma ugishyiremo igitutu, kuraho icyuma cyo kuzimya icyuma gisigaye, hanyuma ushyiremo amavuta, hanyuma ugishyushye kuri 550 ~ 570 ℃.

Mu gihe cyo gusiga icyuma cya karubine gikozwe muri sima ukoresheje icyuma gifata ibikoresho, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kongera icyuho cya karubine no gushyiramo gasket ya pulasitiki mu cyuho cya karubine, kandi hagakonjeshwa buhoro nyuma yo gusudira kugira ngo bigabanye uburemere bwa karubine, birinde kwangirika no kongera igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho bya karubine bikozwe muri sima.

Nyuma yo gusudira fibre, ibisigazwa by'amazi ku isudira bigomba kozwa n'amazi ashyushye cyangwa imvange rusange yo gukuraho slag, hanyuma bigashyirwamo umuti wa pickling wabigenewe kugira ngo ukureho oxide film ku gice cy'ibanze cy'igikoresho. Ariko, witondere kudakoresha umuti wa aside nitrique kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'icyuma gifatanye.