Gushyiramo ibikoresho bya keramik n'ibyuma

1. Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukaraba

Biragoye gukaranga ibice bya keramike n'ibya keramike, ibya keramike n'iby'icyuma. Ibyinshi mu byuma bisoda bikora umupira ku buso bwa keramike, aho gukaranga bike cyangwa nta n'ibyo bitose. Icyuma gisoda gishobora gukaranga ibikoresho bya keramike biroroshye gukora ibintu bitandukanye byoroshye (nka karubide, silicides n'ibindi bintu bya ternary cyangwa multivariate) ku gice cy'ingingo mu gihe cyo gukaranga. Kubaho kw'ibi bintu bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ingingo. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'itandukaniro rinini ry'ubushyuhe hagati ya keramike, icyuma na solder, hazabaho igisigazwa cy'ingufu mu ngingo nyuma y'uko ubushyuhe bwa keramike bukonje kugeza ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, bishobora gutuma ingingo zicika.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gusoda ku buso bwa ceramic bushobora kunozwa no kongeramo ibintu by'icyuma bikora ku gishongeshwa gisanzwe; Ubushyuhe buke no gufunga mu gihe gito bishobora kugabanya ingaruka z'uburyo bwo guhuza; Ubushyuhe bw'ingingo bushobora kugabanuka hakoreshejwe igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye cyo guhuza no gukoresha icyuma kimwe cyangwa byinshi nk'urwego rwo hagati.

2. Umusoda

Ceramic n'icyuma bikunze guhuzwa mu itanura ridafite umwuka cyangwa ifuru ya hydrogen na argon. Uretse imiterere rusange, ibyuma bicukura ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bigomba kandi kugira ibisabwa byihariye. Urugero, icyuma gipfunyika ntikigomba kuba kirimo ibintu bitanga umuvuduko mwinshi w'umwuka, kugira ngo bitatera kuvunika kwa dielectric no kwangiza ibikoresho. Muri rusange bivugwa ko iyo igikoresho gikora, umuvuduko w'umwuka w'icyuma gipfunyika ntugomba kurenza 10-3pa, kandi imyanda irimo umuvuduko mwinshi w'umwuka ntugomba kurenza 0.002% ~ 0.005%; w (o) ya icyuma gipfunyika ntigomba kurenza 0.001%, kugira ngo hirindwe umwuka w'amazi uva mu gihe cyo gupfunyika muri hydrogen, ushobora gutera gushwanyagurika kw'icyuma gipfunyika; Byongeye kandi, icyuma gipfunyika kigomba kuba gisukuye kandi kidafite okiside zo hejuru.

Mu gihe cyo gushushanya nyuma yo gukoresha icyuma cya keramike, umuringa, icyuma gishingiye ku rufatiro, umuringa wa feza, umuringa wa zahabu n'ibindi byuma bikoresha icyuma gikozwe mu ruganda bishobora gukoreshwa.

Mu gusiga neza ibintu bya keramike n'ibyuma, hagomba gutoranywa ibyuma bipima ibyuma birimo Ti na Zr. Ibikoresho bipima ibyuma bibiri ni Ti Cu na Ti Ni, bishobora gukoreshwa kuri 1100 ℃. Mu gusiga neza, Ag Cu Ti (W) (TI) ni yo ikoreshwa cyane, ishobora gukoreshwa mu gusiga neza ibintu bitandukanye bya keramike n'ibyuma. Ibikoresho bipima ibyuma bishobora gukoreshwa na foil, ifu cyangwa Ag Cu eutectic filler metal hamwe na Ti powder. B-ti49be2 brazing filler metal ifite ubudahangarwa nk'ubw'icyuma kidashonga n'umuvuduko muke w'umwuka. Ishobora gutoranywa cyane mu miyoboro ifunga ibintu hamwe n'ubudahangarwa bwo gushonga no kuva amazi. Muri ti-v-cr solder, ubushyuhe bwo gushonga ni bwo bwo hasi cyane (1620 ℃) ​​iyo w (V) ari 30%, kandi kongeramo Cr bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gushonga. B-ti47.5ta5 solder idafite Cr yakoreshejwe mu gusiga neza alumina na magnesium oxide, kandi igice cyayo gishobora gukora ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere bwa 1000 ℃. Imbonerahamwe ya 14 igaragaza uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu guhuza neza hagati ya ceramic n'icyuma.

Imbonerahamwe ya 14 y'ibyuma bikora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gushushanya ibyuma bya keramike n'iby'icyuma

2. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya

Ibikoresho bya kera byakozwe mu byuma bishobora gushyirwa mu gaze idafite umwuka mwinshi, hidrojeni cyangwa ahantu hadafite umwuka. Ubusanzwe ibikoresho bya kera bikoreshwa mu gushyira mu byuma bitakoresheje icyuma.

(1) Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ku isi hose. Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ku isi hose bwa keramike n'icyuma bushobora kugabanywamo inzira zirindwi: gusukura ubuso, gusiga irangi, gusiga irangi ku isi hose, gusiga nikeli, gusiga irangi no kugenzura nyuma yo gusudira.

Intego yo gusukura ubuso ni ugukuraho ibara ry'amavuta, ibara ry'ibyuya n'agapira ka okiside ku buso bw'icyuma cyo hasi. Ibice by'icyuma n'umushongi bigomba kubanza gukurwaho amavuta, hanyuma agapira ka okiside kagakurwaho hakoreshejwe aside cyangwa alkali, kakaraba n'amazi atemba hanyuma kakamishwa. Ibice bifite ibisabwa byinshi bigomba gushyushwa mu itanura ridafite umwuka cyangwa hydrogen (uburyo bwo gutemba ion bushobora no gukoreshwa) ku bushyuhe bukwiye n'igihe cyo gusukura ubuso bw'ibice. Ibice byasukuwe ntibigomba gukora ku bintu bifite amavuta cyangwa intoki zambaye ubusa. Bigomba guhita bishyirwa mu buryo bukurikira cyangwa mu cyuma cyumutsa. Ntibigomba gushyirwa mu kirere igihe kirekire. Ibice bya ceramic bigomba gusukurwa na acetone na ultrason, bikarabwa n'amazi atemba, hanyuma bigatekwa kabiri n'amazi ya deionized mu gihe cy'iminota 15 buri gihe.

Gusiga irangi ni inzira y'ingenzi yo gusiga irangi. Mu gihe cyo gusiga irangi, ishyirwa ku buso bwa irangi kugira ngo ikoreshwe icyuma hifashishijwe brush cyangwa imashini ikoresha irangi. Ubunini bw'irangi muri rusange ni 30 ~ 60mm. Irangi muri rusange rikorwa mu ifu y'icyuma (rimwe na rimwe hongerwamo okiside y'icyuma ikwiye) hamwe n'ingano y'uturemangingo twa 1 ~ 5um hamwe n'ubudodo bw'umwimerere.

Ibice bya ceramic byashyizwe mu itanura rya hydrogen hanyuma bigashyirwamo hydrogen itose cyangwa amoniya yacitse ku bushyuhe bwa 1300 ~ 1500 ℃ mu gihe cy'iminota 30 ~ 60. Ku bice bya ceramic byasizwe na hydride, bigomba gushyushywa kugeza kuri 900 ℃ kugira ngo biboze hydride kandi bikore hamwe n'icyuma cyanduye cyangwa titaniyumu (cyangwa zirconium) bisigaye ku buso bwa ceramic kugira ngo haboneke icyuma gitwikiriye ceramic.

Ku gice cya Mo Mn cy’icyuma, kugira ngo kinyweshwe n’icyuma gishongeshejwe, urwego rwa nikeli rwa 1.4 ~ 5um rugomba gusigwa n’amashanyarazi cyangwa rugasigwa n’urwego rw’ifu ya nikeli. Niba ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 1000 ℃, urwego rwa nikeli rugomba gusigwa mbere mu itanura rya hydrogen. Ubushyuhe n’igihe cyo gusigwa ni 1000 ℃ /15 ~ 20min.

Ibumba ryavuwe ni ibice by'icyuma, bigomba guteranywa byose hamwe n'icyuma kitagira umugese cyangwa grafiti n'ibumba rya ceramic. Ibumba rigomba gushyirwa ku ngingo, kandi igikoresho cyo gukoraho kigomba guhora gisukuye mu gihe cyose cyo gukora, kandi ntikigomba gukorwaho n'intoki gusa.

Gushyiramo umuriro bigomba gukorwa mu itanura rya argon, hydrogen cyangwa vacuum. Ubushyuhe bwo gushyiramo umuriro buterwa n'icyuma gikoresha icyuma gishyushya umuriro. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibice bya ceramic byacika, umuvuduko wo gukonjesha ntugomba kuba wihuta cyane. Byongeye kandi, gushyiramo umuriro bishobora no gushyiramo igitutu runaka (hafi 0.49 ~ 0.98mpa).

Uretse igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’ubuso, ibikoresho byo gusudira bifite icyuma bigomba no gupimwa n’ubushyuhe n’imiterere ya mekanike. Ibice bifunga ibikoresho bikoresha icyuma gifunga bigomba kandi gupimwa n’ibimeneke hakurikijwe amabwiriza abigenga.

(2) Gushyira icyuma mu buryo butaziguye mu gihe cyo gushyira icyuma mu buryo butaziguye (uburyo bw'icyuma gikora), banza usukure ubuso bw'ibikoresho bya ceramic n'iby'icyuma, hanyuma ubiteranye. Kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika guterwa n'ibipimo bitandukanye by'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bigize icyuma, urwego rw'icyuma (urupapuro rumwe cyangwa nyinshi z'icyuma) rushobora kuzunguruka hagati y'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo icyuma. Icyuma cyo gushyiramo icyuma kigomba gufatirwa hagati y'ibikoresho bibiri cyangwa kigashyirwa ahantu hari icyuho cyuzuyemo icyuma cyo gushyiramo icyuma mu buryo bushoboka bwose, hanyuma icyuma cyo gushyiramo icyuma gikoreshwa nk'icyuma gisanzwe cyo gushyiramo icyuma mu buryo busanzwe.

Iyo Ag Cu Ti solder ikoreshejwe mu gukaraba mu buryo butaziguye, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwo gukaraba mu buryo butaziguye. Iyo ingano y'ubushyuhe mu itanura igeze kuri 2.7 × Tangira gushyushya kuri 10-3pa, kandi ubushyuhe bushobora kuzamuka vuba muri iki gihe; Iyo ubushyuhe buri hafi y'aho ishongesha, ubushyuhe bugomba kuzamurwa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'ibice byose by'ishongesha bube bumwe; Iyo solder ishongeshejwe, ubushyuhe bugomba kuzamurwa vuba kugera ku bushyuhe bwo gukaraba, kandi igihe cyo kuyifata kigomba kuba iminota 3 ~ 5; Mu gihe cyo gukonjesha, igomba gukonjeshwa buhoro buhoro mbere ya 700 ℃, kandi ishobora gukonjeshwa mu buryo busanzwe n'itanura nyuma ya 700 ℃.

Iyo Ti Cu active solder ishyizwe mu cyuma gishyushya, imiterere ya solder ishobora kuba Cu foil hamwe n'ifu ya Ti cyangwa ibice bya Cu hamwe n'icyuma cya Ti, cyangwa ubuso bwa ceramic bushobora gusigwa ifu ya Ti hamwe n'icyuma cya Cu. Mbere yo gushyushya, ibice byose by'icyuma bigomba gukurwamo imyuka hakoreshejwe vacuum. Ubushyuhe bw'umuringa udafite ogisijeni bugomba kuba 750 ~ 800 ℃, naho Ti, Nb, Ta, nibindi bigomba gukurwamo imyuka kuri 900 ℃ mu gihe cy'iminota 15. Muri iki gihe, dogere y'ibyuka ntibigomba kuba munsi ya 6.7 × 10-3Pa. Mu gihe cyo gushyushya, shyira hamwe ibice bigomba gushushwa mu cyuma, ubishyushye mu itanura ry'ibyuka kugeza kuri 900 ~ 1120 ℃, kandi igihe cyo kubifata ni iminota 2 ~ 5. Mu gihe cyose cyo gushyushya, dogere y'ibyuka ntibigomba kuba munsi ya 6.7 × 10-3Pa.

Uburyo bwo gushakisha uburyo bwa Ti Ni busa nuburyo bwa Ti Cu, kandi ubushyuhe bwa brazing ni 900 ± 10 ℃.

(3) Uburyo bwo gufunga okiside Uburyo bwo gufunga okiside ni uburyo bwo guhuza neza hakoreshejwe ikirahure gikozwe no gushonga kwa okiside kugira ngo cyinjire mu bumba hanyuma gitose hejuru y'icyuma. Bushobora guhuza bumba na bumba naho bumba n'ibyuma. Ibyuma byo gufunga okiside bigizwe ahanini na Al2O3, Cao, Bao na MgO. Hamwe na B2O3, Y2O3 na ta2o3, bumba bifite ingingo zitandukanye zo gushonga hamwe n'ibipimo byo kwaguka birebire birashobora kuboneka. Byongeye kandi, bumba bifite fluoride hamwe na CaF2 na NaF nk'ibice by'ingenzi bishobora no gukoreshwa mu guhuza bumba n'ibyuma kugira ngo haboneke ingingo zifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi zirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi.